SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION AND INFECTION
INTRODUCTION
There are many kind of microorganism contains in our surroundings.We can classfied all these microorganisms into three type that is resident microorganism,transient microorganism and airborne microorganism.
Airborne microorganisms is microbes that moved through or by the air. Dust and mist are examples of airborne substances. Airborne bacteria increased with temperature and wind velocity whereas airborne fungi increased with temperature and varied with wind direction in urban and natural areas.
Transient bacteria is bacteria that it is in the surface of the skin and therefore come and goes as we touch things and as we move around.There are numerous health benefits of transient microorganisms.
Resident microorganisms are either non-pathogenic or are prevented from infecting the body by an array of mechanical and chemical defenses.Some president microbes are, however, opportunistic pathogens which cause infection if the body defenses are breached.
OBJECTIVE
To determine the microorganisms in the air and from healthy human
RESULT
NORMAL BREATHING
VIOLENT COUGHING
HAND
AIR
EAR
DISCUSSION
Hand and ear :Resident microorganism live on or within the body in nonsterile areas include the skin,mucous membrane, bowel,rectum and vagina.Inflammatory and immune attacks are generally not waged against this inhabitants as long as the skin and mucusa remain intact.Resident flora compete with diseases-producing microorganisms to protect the body against certain infection snd to provide a type of natural immunity.More than one type of resident flora can be found on superfacial skin tissues or mucuos membrane.A delicate balance of homeostasis is maintained with these residents.Destroying one type of microorganisms can allow overpoliferation of another competing type.
Resident microorganism can be include Staphylococcus species and diptheroids.These microorganism are considered permenant resident of the skin and are not readily removed by mechanical friction.Resident microorganisms in deep layer may not be removed by hand washing with plain soaps and detergent,but they can usually be killed or inhibited by hygiene products that contain antimicrobial ingredients.Bacillus laterosporus is one of the most enigmatic of the transient friendly microorganisms found in the human gastrointestinal tract. It has been demonstrated to provide phenomenal relief from symptoms of disease and ill health particularly those symptoms associated with suppressed immune system function such as , chronic fatigue syndrome, Candida infections, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes, Crohn’s disease, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus, parasitic infections, and many more.
Streptococcus thermophilis is a transient microorganism that produces a number of antibiotic like substances as part of its metabolic process. This aids the body in its ongoing fight against disease causing microbes. Perhaps more importantly, S. thermophilis also helps to suppress tumor development and growth in laboratory studies.Moreover, S. thermophilis produces substantial quantities of the enzyme lactose. So it aids in the digestion of milk sugars and may provide an effective remedy against lactose intolerance a condition that afflicts nearly two-thirds of the world’s population. It has also been used in hospitals as an effective remedy for chronic diarrhea in infants.
Transient microorganisms are different from resident microorganisms in that they do not take up permanent residence in the gastrointestinal tract. Instead, they establish small colonies for brief periods of time before dying off or being flushed from the intestinal system via normal digestive processes, or by peristaltic bowel action.However, in taking up temporary residence, they contribute to the overall function and condition of the digestive system. For example, the lives of some of the most important resident micro organisms involved in human digestion and intestinal health depend on by products produced by the visiting transients.Therefore, in many cases, these two very different types of microorganisms nonetheless enjoy a complex symbiotic relationship that may dramatically influence the health and well being of your entire body.
Air,normal breathing and coughing: Airborne bacteria can have important effects on human health as pathogens or triggers of allergenic asthma and seasonal allergies.Infection normally occurs after inhaling an aerosol (fine airborne particles) containing bacteria.Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a bacterium that cause tuberculosis and is spread through indoor aerosol.Tuberculosis is infects a large number of people and is a mojor airborne pathogen.Legionella pneumophila.When inhaled,this bacteria cause a pneumonia-like illness called Legionnaires' diseases and a similiar,influenza-like disease called Pontiac fever.These bacteria are known to inhinit intracellular structures of higher microorganisms including protozoa,which can provide them with protection from the enviroment and disinfection.Certain fungi such as opportunistic pathogens Aspergillus fumigatus and Pneumocystis carinii can infect the lungs of the immunocompromised,including AIDS patients.Symptoms of infection may include fever,cough,chest pain,and pneumonia.These fungi most commonly originate from soil and enviroment.
CONCLUSION
Microorganisms that consist at the surrounding or in our body may have it own benefits to our body or can effects our body to.A lot of diseases come from the infection of bacteria from our surroundings.Thus,we always need take care of our hygiene so that we not easily infected.REFERENCES
http://www.ems.org.eg/esic_home/data/giued_part1/Hand_Hygiene.pdf
http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/health_advice/facts/cough.htm
ORAL microbiology,Richard J. Lamont, Howard F. Jenkinson
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/12/061219170636.htm
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2199786/pdf/jhyg00204-0100.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionellosis
Legal Aspects of Infectious Diseases by Benjamin Tanner
No comments:
Post a Comment